11/25/2023 0 Comments Cdc hiv transmission rate![]() In people living with HIV, substance use can hasten disease progression, affect adherence to antiretroviral therapy (HIV medicine), and worsen the overall consequences of HIV. These substances alter judgment, which can lead to risky sexual behaviors (e.g., having sex without a condom, having multiple partners) that can make people more likely to get and transmit HIV. However, drinking alcohol and ingesting, smoking, or inhaling drugs are also associated with increased risk for HIV. ![]() 2001 28(3),282-288.Injection drug use (IDU) can be a direct route of HIV transmission if people share needles, syringes, or other injection materials that are contaminated with HIV. Needle exchange programs and experience of violence in an inner city neighborhood. Galea S, Ahern J, Fuller C, Freudenberg N, Vlahov D.Trends in crime and the introduction of a needle exchange program. Marx MA, Crape B, Brookmeyer RS, et al.HIV Infection, Risk, Prevention, and Testing Behaviors among Persons Who Inject Drugs-National HIV Behavioral Surveillance: Injection Drug Use, 20 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ![]() Higher syringe coverage is associated with lower odds of HIV risk and does not increase unsafe syringe disposal among syringe exchange program clients. Bluthenthal RN, Anderson R, Flynn NM, Kral AH.The effect of a needle exchange program on numbers of discarded needles: a 2-year follow-up. Doherty MC, Junge B, Rathouz P, Garfein RS, Riley E, Vlahov D.Assessing a drop box programme: a spatial analysis of discarded needles. de Montigny L, Vernez Moudon A, Leigh B, Kim SY.Increasing safe syringe collection sites in New York State. Klein SJ, Candelas AR, Cooper JG, et al.Access to sterile syringes through San Francisco pharmacies and the association with HIV risk behavior among injection drug users. Riley ED, Kral AH, Stopka TJ, Garfein RS, Reuckhaus P, Bluthenthal RN.A comparison of syringe disposal practices among injection drug users in a city with versus a city without needle and syringe programs. Law enforcement and naloxone utilization in the United States. Development and implementation of an opioid overdose prevention and response program in Toronto, Ontario. Leece PN, Hopkins S, Marshall C, Orkin A, Gassanov MA, Shahin RM.Characteristics of an overdose prevention, response, and naloxone distribution program in Pittsburgh and Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Bennett AS, Bell A, Tomedi L, Hulsey EG, Kral AH.Saved by the nose: Bystander-administered intranasal naloxone hydrochloride for opioid overdose. Doe-Simkins M, Walley AY, Epstein A, Moyer P.Evaluation of the Staying Alive programme: Training injection drug users to properly administer naloxone and save lives. Tobin KE, Sherman SG, Beilenson P, Welsh C, Latkin CA.Provision of naloxone to injection drug users as an overdose prevention strategy: Early evidence from a pilot study in New York City. Galea S, Worthington N, Piper TM, Nandi VV, Curtis M, Rosenthal DM.Naloxone distribution and cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for injection drug users to prevent heroin overdose death: A pilot intervention study. Syringe service programs for persons who inject drugs in urban, suburban, and rural areas - United States, 2013. Des Jarlais DC, Nugent A, Solberg A, Feelemyer J, Mermin J, Holtzman D.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV and Injection Drug Use – Vital Signs – CDC.Effectiveness of needle and syringe programmes in people who inject drugs – An overview of systematic reviews. Fernandes RM, Cary M, Duarte G, et al.Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject drugs. Estimated HIV incidence and prevalence in the United States, 2010–2015. Surveillance for Viral Hepatitis - United States, 2016 pdf icon.
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